Tools that require ductility for complicated shapes like multi-flute end mills (up to 8 flutes) and taps are machined of iron and high tungsten/molybdenum content HSS alloys. Their operations are conducted in workshops with small batch production where the steel is processed at low to medium speeds (20-60 m/min) with a prerequisite of heat treatment to 560°C. The economic efficiency for non-ferrous metal and plastic machining is due to flank surface precision grinding (Ra ≤ 0.8 μm) done to the tools.
